lamoureux



LAMOUREUX. BAKERS OVEN.

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S. LAMOUREUX.

BAKER S OVEN.

No. 347,181. Patented Aug. 10, 1886.

Jhven Z01 (No Model.)

.SQLAMOUREUX.

BAKBRS OVEN. Patented Aug. 10,1886

3 Sheets s 3' I UNITED. STATE tries.

PATENT SYLVAIN LAMOUREUX, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

BAKE R jS OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 347,181, dated August 10,1886. Application filed May 8, 1885. Serial No. 164,815. (No model.) Patented in France October 14. 1884, No. 164,777.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, SYLVAIN LAMQUREUX, a citizen of the French 'Re 'aubliq'residing at Paris, in said Republic, have invented. certain new and useful Improvements in Bakers Ovens, (and for which I have received French Letters Patent dated October 14, 1884, No. 164,777 and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters 'or'fignres ofv reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. I

This invention relates to improvements in bakers ovens,and has for its object to'provide means whereby the oven may be heated either by wood in the ordinary manner or by means of coal, coke, or other analogous carbonaceous material.

The invention consists,essentially, in the combination, with a bakers oven, of means whereby the said oven may be heated, either by means of wood in the usual manner or by means of coal, coke, or other carbonaceous material, and more especially, first, in the arrangement of heating-fines and their combination with a furnace, the oven, and the chimney, whereby the oven may be heated by the heat derived from an incandescent carbonaceous material and admitted to the oven either at the sole or at the arch thereof; sec 0nd, in the combination of means whereby the heat and products of combustion of the carbonaceous material may be conducted through the oven from below or'from above, ordirectly to the chimney, or in part through the oven and thence to the chimney, and in part directly from the furnace to the chimney; third, in the combination of an air orventilating flue or flues with the furnace, to practically isolate the latter from the bod yof the masonry and form a cooling chamber to preserve the masonry of the furnace. I

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 shows in elevation an ordinary bakers oven with my improvements appliedQ Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section thereof. Fig. 3

is a horizontal transverse section of the oven,

taken on a line above the sole of the oven and showing the mouth of the heatingfiue for heating the oven from below. Fig. 4 is a horizontal transverse section showing the heating-flue, the draft-flue to the chimncy,and the air-flue. Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the oven, taken on the line 1 1 of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 isa like view taken on line 2 3 4 of Fig. 3, showing the arrangement of heating-flue for heating the oven from below, and in dotted lines the flue for heating the same from above, said figure also showing thegrate and draftfl'ue and the connection of the latter with the chimney; and Fig. 7 is a section on line 5 6 7 of Fig 2.

In the above drawings, M indicates the masonry; Q, the oven,- S, the sole, and A the arch thereof, and D the door that closes the mouth of the oven. The oven is connected by lines F F-with the chimney C, said flue being provided with dampers d d, Fig. 2.

It will'be observed that the arrangement of the parts so far described are those of an ordi-- nary bake-oven adapted to be heated by means of wood thrown into it, the products of combustion passing from the rear end thereof, through flues f f and the return-fines F F, to the draft-flue F above the oven-door that communicates with the chimney C.

To adapt the oven to be heated with coal or other carbonaceous material, either from top or below, according to my invention, I have made the following provisions: Imme diately behind the oven-door is an opening, 0, formed in the sole S of the oven, provided with a grate, G, the bars of which I preferably make conical in cross-section, either from top downward or inversely,or give them any other form, by means of which the heat entering the oven is divided and deflected at an angle to its natural vertical line of flow, as more plainly shown in Fig. 7. The opening 0 is the terminal of a heating-flue, II, that communicates with the furnace I 011 the right and below the oven-door, from which furnace the heat and products of combustion pass through flue H and grate G to the oven 0, thence by fluesf and f and return-fines F and F, respectively, to draft-flue F and chimney O. A draft-flue,

K, Figs. 4 and 6, connects the furnace I direetly with the chimney C, and said flue has a damper, Ir, to cut off said connection when desired. A plate, I, of metal or refractory material, is placed over the opening 0 after the oven is heated, to cut the latter off from the source of heat, and direct connnunication between the said furnace and the draft-flue F and chimney C may then be established by opening the damper k, and allowing the heat and products of combustion to pass directly from the furnace through flue K to the draftilue F and chimney (3. As more plainly shown in Fig. 7, a second heating-flue, L, pro vided with a damper, Z, rises directly from the furnace I and terminates in the arch A of the oven at its point ofjunction with the front wall or slightly in rear of said point, as shown in dotted linesin Fig. 2 and in full linesin Fig. 7. The terminal of said iluc is provided, like that 0 of fine 11', with a delleetinggrate, G,to deflect the heat laterally and downwardly into the oven.

\Vhen it is desired to heat the oven from above or through the arch, the terminal 0 of flue II is closed by a plate, I, of sheet metal, or a tile of some refractory material, that is placed over the deflecting-grate G, so that the products of combustion and the heat will pass from the furnace through flue L, the damper of which has previously been opened, thence to the mouth of the oven through grate G, and through the oven and the fluesff to the return-flues F and thence to draft-flue F and the chimney 0. Whether the oven is heated by allowing the heat and products of combustion to enter the said oven through the sole or the arch, the damper 7.: in flue K is closed, said damper being opened only when the fire is started.

N is an air-duct opening at its initial point into the atmosphere through adoor, 11, Fig.1, and at its terminal into the draft-flue F and chimney Git nearly surrounds the furnace, and serves to keep the brick-work cool and preserve it from destruction.

\Vhcn it is desired to heat the oven by means of wood, the dampers 7.: Z are closed, as well as the terminal 0 of the flue H, by means of the plate'or damper P, as above set forth, and the wood is thrown into the oven and ignited, as usual, the products of combustion passing through the llucsff at the rear of the oven and return-dues F F into draftflue F and chimney C.

The operation of the oven is as follows: Vhen it is desired to heat the oven by means of wood in the usual manner, the dampers dd are opened, and the opcuingo in the sole of the furnace, together with the dampers k and l of fines K and L, respectively, are closed, and the wood thrown intothe oven is ignited, the products of combustion passing through ff and F F to fine F and chimney C, in the usual manner. \Vhen it is desired to heat the oven by means of coal, colce,'or other carbonaceous material from above-that is to say, by admitting the heat at the arch of the ovcn-=the dampers d d,and opening 0,as well as the damp er in line L, are closed, and the damper l. of draft-flue K is opened and remains open until the fuel on grate I is in an incandescent condition. The damper 7.: of fine K is now closed and the damper of the heating-flue L opened, admitting thcheat from the furnace I to the oven at the arch. If it is desired to heat the oven from below, the flue L is closed and the opening 0 uncovered, the heat from the furnace I being now admitted to the oven at the sole through the heating-flue II.

The oven may be divided into two or more chambers by means of removable partitionsp,

Fig. 5, each chamber being in communicationwith a return-fine, F or F, by means of a flue, f orf, and by adjusting the covering-plate I, that covers the opening 0, or the damper in the flue L, one of the said chambers may be heated to a higher degree than the other, and under ordinary circumstances the said partition also serves to more equally distribute the heat.

It will be observed that by means of the described arrangement of furnace draft and heating fines the products of combustion, when the oven is heated by means of coal or other similar carbonaceous material, do not pass through the oven to the chimney; consequentl y the carbonic-acid gases and other products of combustion have no unpleasant or deleterious effect upon the material baked.

Having now described myinvention, what I claim is I. In a bakers oven, the combination, with the oven and a draft fiue'or chimney connected thereto, of a furnace, independent lines leading from the furnace to the oven through the sole and arch thereof, and suitable dampers for said flues, whereby the heat and products of combustion from the furnace may be admitted into the oven, either from above or below, before they escape into the draftllue, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In a bakers oven, the combination, with the oven and a draft-flue connected therewith, of a furnace, a flue provided with a damper leading from the furnace directly into the draft-flue,andindependent flues provided with dampers leading from said furnace into the oven through the sole and arch thereof, whereby the heat and products of combustion may be conducted to the oven, either through the sole or the arch, before they reach the draftfiue, or directly to the draft-flue without passing through the oven, substantially as and for the p urpose specified.

3. In a bakers oven, the combination, with the oven, a chimney, and one or more draftflues provided with dampers leading from the rear end of the oven into said chimney, of a furnace and two independent lines provided with dampers leading from the furnace into the oven at the front end thereof through the sole and arch, whereby the products of combustion and the heat from the furnace may be admitted into the oven, either from below or from above, and caused to traverse the full length of said oven before they reach the chimney, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a bakers oven, the Combination, with 5 the oven, a chimney located at the front end thereof, and fines provided with dampers extending from the rear end of the oven over the arch thereof and opening into the chimney, of a furnace and two independent fines pro- 10 vided with dampers and leading from the furnace into the front end of the oven through the sole and arch, respectively, whereby the heat and products of combustion may be ad- SYLVAIN LAMOUREUX.

\Vitnesses:

R0131. M. HOOPER, LEON SOHMITTBUHL. 

